When it comes to premature ageing, most people think of lines and wrinkles, however there are many factors that affect our youthful appearance such as loss of firmness, loss of elasticity, uneven skin tone, lack of radiance, loss of volume and lack of hydration.
Intrinsic ageing, also known as the natural ageing process, is a continuous process that normally begins in our mid-20s. Within the skin, collagen production slows and elastin, the substance that enables skin to snap back into place, has a bit less spring. Dead skin cells do not shed as quickly and the turnover of new skin cells decreases between the ages of 20 and 60. While these changes usually begin in our 20s, the signs of intrinsic ageing are typically not visible for decades. Our genetic makeup controls how quickly the normal ageing process happens.
A number of extrinsic or external factors can act individually or together on the normal ageing process to age our skin prematurely. Most premature skin ageing is caused by sun exposure. Other external factors that prematurely age our skin are repetitive facial expressions, gravity, sleeping positions, diet and smoking.
Pigmentation is a common condition which occurs when patches of skin become darker than the surrounding skin. It is caused by excessive amounts of melanin, leaving the skin darker in appearance and uneven in tone. Causes of pigmentation include sun damage (including sunspots, freckles), hormonal changes caused by the contraceptive pill, pregnancy, menopause.
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that is categorised by erythema / red-flushing, broken capillaries & inflamed papule. Pustules may also be present. Some suffers also experience an itching or burning sensation in the skin.
The cause of redness can often be a combination of factors including; heredity (genetics), environmental impact (pollution, extreme changes in temperature, sun damage), vascular dysfunctions, diet and lifestyle choices, medications, or a reaction to the demodex mite (a microscopic mite that naturally occurs on the skin).
Acne is commonly characterised by the presence of spots/pimples ranging from blackheads & whiteheads to inflamed lesions such as papules (no pus) or pustules (containing pus) and nodules (cysts). Inflamed acne is more severe and can lead to scarring due to the depth of the lesion.